Optimal Reinsurance-Investment Strategy Under Risks of Interest Rate,Exchange Rate and Inflation

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability - In this paper, we pursue the optimal reinsurance-investment strategy of an insurer who can invest in both domestic and foreign markets. We assume...     

Ultra performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry studies of formalin‐induced alterations of human brain lipidome

The development of ‘omics’ sciences offers new opportunities for the study of neurodegenerative diseases but increases at the same time the sample demand on brain banks that collect and store valuable human post‐mortem tissue. Our study aims to evaluate in lipidomics the potential of formalin‐fixed tissue compared with the cryopreservation method, considered as the gold standard for biochemical research. Two complementary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical platforms were used on the basis of hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. Untargeted fingerprinting, semitargeted profiling of specific lipid classes and targeted monitoring of lipid species were performed in formalin‐fixed and cryopreserved samples to provide detailed information at the molecular level on the formalin‐induced alterations of the brain tissue. In vitro incubations of lipid standards were also performed to further describe the degradation processes induced by formaldehyde. Phospholipid compounds were found to be extensively hydrolysed, whilst the sphingolipid ones were preserved. N‐methylation and N‐formylation of amine‐containing phospholipids have also been evidenced. These findings show that the potential detrimental effect of formalin on the analytes of interest must be taken into account when analysing formalin‐fixed samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Linear stability of WENO schemes coupled with explicit Runge–Kutta schemes

This paper focuses on the results of the linear stability analysis of the finite‐difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) schemes with optimal weights. The standard WENO schemes between the third and 11th order, the order‐optimised WENO schemes of the sixth and eighth order and the bandwidth‐optimised WENO schemes of the third and fourth order are considered. Several explicit Runge–Kutta schemes including the recently published strong stability‐preserving explicit Runge–Kutta schemes are considered for time discretisation. The stability limits as well as dissipation and dispersion properties dependent on the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number are presented for a hyperbolic model equation. The different combinations of space and time discretisation schemes are compared in terms of their accuracy and efficiency. For a parabolic model equation, the viscous term is discretised with high‐order central differences. The stability limits for the parabolic problem are presented as well. Numerical results of linear test cases are shown. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.